6^th International Congress on Gynecology & Gynecologic Oncology July Rome, Italy

Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.Obstetrics and gynecology are together combined into a surgical field (OB/GYN).

Cancers that originates in the female reproductive part is known as women cancer or Gynecologic Cancer. The women cancer includes cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, endometrial/uterine cancer, vaginal/ vulva cancer. Gynecologic cancer is unique, with different signs and symptoms, different risk factors, and different prevention strategies. All women are at risk for Gynecologic cancers, and risk increases with age. In the early stage treatment of Gynecology cancers is most effective.

Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant (cancerous) if the cells can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body. Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too. Although many types of breast cancer can cause a lump in the breast, not all do. There are other symptoms of breast cancer you should watch out for and report to a health care provider.

HPV consists of more than 150 related viruses. Some HPV types can cause cancer, especially cervical cancer. There are more than 40 HPV types that can infect the genital areas of males and females. But there are vaccines that can prevent infection with the most common types of HPV. HPV can transmit by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus. It is most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex.

Cervical Cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. But in the United States and other countries where cervical cancer screening is routine, this cancer is not so common. Most cervical cancer is caused by a virus called Human papillomavirus, or HPV. There are many types of the HPV virus. Not all types of HPV cause cervical cancer. Some of them cause genital warts, but other types may not show any Cervical Cancer symptoms and signs. An infection may go away on its own. But sometimes it can cause genital warts or lead to cervical cancer.

Gynecologic oncology is specifying the field of medicine that emphases on cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. As specialists, they have extensive training in the diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. A Gynecologic oncologist is a gynecologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of women with cancer of the reproductive organs. It is estimated that there will be around 98,000 new cases diagnosed and approximately causing 30,000 deaths from gynecologic cancers in the USA during the year 2015 stated as per The American Cancer Society, in which Uterine cancer may have the large portion of about 50% cases with an estimated mortality rate of approximately 18.5%. The Ovarian cancer has the highest estimated mortality rate at 66% 

With the current challenges in the healthcare system, patients and professionals are uncertain about the role, responsibilities, and communication patterns of primary care professionals during cancer care. Oncology and primary care nurses should be surveyed to attain current and preferred roles in cancer care across the care continuum. 

Reproductive Medicine in Gynecology is ever growing area. The number of Research institutes which are working on reproductive medicine are approximately 120 and the number of Universities are around 20-30 which have the department of Medicine and the funding towards this research is over $90000 - $110000, Target audience are of Academia 20%, 50% industry and 30% of others. Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine which focuses on prevention, diagnosis and management of the reproductive problems. The goals include improving or maintaining reproductive health and allowing people to have children at a time of their choice as discussed in many gynecologic conferences and gynecologic meetings worldwide. It is focused on knowledge of reproductive anatomy, physiology and endocrinology which also incorporates relevant aspects of molecular biology, biochemistry and pathology. Regenerative medicine emphasizes on process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore/establish normal function.

Infertility can be described as a woman who is unable to conceive as well as being unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. Infertility is the inability of a person, plant or an animal to reproduce by natural means. It is normally not the innate state of a healthy adult organism, except in particularly among certain eusocial species (predominantly haplodiploid insects). Understanding the socio demographic factors parallel with use may assist newly married couples with family planning. As discussed in many gynecologic conferences and gynecologic meetings worldwide, the use of infertility services is not random and roughly about 50% of the women evaluated for infertility progressed to treatment, and in which only a small proportion were treated with additional advanced assisted reproductive technologies essentially Invitro fertilization. Obesity in reproductive health will centralize on two important areas which are infertility and heavy menstrual bleeding. Women who are fertile will experience a natural period of fertility before and during ovulation, and they will be naturally infertile during the latter part of the menstrual cycle. Medical and surgical management of heavy menstrual bleeding is described including the many varied issues in hysterectomy of obese woman.

Gynecologic Surgery is giving a fundamental, peer-assessed data for clinical articles managing all parts of agent and office gynecology. "Gynecological Surgery", established in 2004, is the first and head peer-surveyed logical diary devoted to all parts of research, advancement, and preparing in gynecological surgery. Gynecological surgery alludes to surgery on the female conceptive framework. It incorporates strategies for amiable conditions, malignancy, fruitlessness, and incontinence. Gynecological surgery may occasionally be performed for elective or restorative purposes. Also, this field is quickly changing because of new advancements and developments in endoscopy, apply autonomy, imaging and other interventional systems. Gynecological surgery presently envelops every surgical intercession relating to ladies' wellbeing, including uro-gynecology, oncology and fetal surgery.

Ovarian cancer when cancer starts in the ovaries, it is called ovarian cancer. Women have two ovaries that are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries make female hormones and produce eggs. Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer often causes signs and symptoms, so it is important to pay attention to your body and know what is normal for you.

There are three vaccines which are approved by the FDA to prevent HPV infection: Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix. All three vaccines prevent infections with HPV types 16 and 18, two high-risk HPV that cause 70% of cervical cancers and an even higher percentage of some of the other HPV-associated cancer. Gardasil also prevents infection with HPV types 6 and 11, which cause 90% of genital warts.

Endometrial cancer or uterine cancer when cancer starts in the uterus, it is called uterine cancer. The uterus is the pear-shaped organ in a woman’s pelvis. The uterus, also called the womb, is where the baby grows when a woman is pregnant. The most common type of uterine cancer is also called endometrial cancer because it forms in the lining of uterus, called the endometrium. When uterine cancer is found early, treatment works best.

There are many Research institutes working on the Gynecological Endocrinology which are approximately 25 and the Number of Universities working on this topic are approximately 80 and funding for the research given by University or a research institute is around $20000 - $30000 including Academia 20%, 30% industry and Others 50%.  Gynecological Endocrinology focuses on the treatment of disorders related to menstruation, fertility and menopause. Reproductive endocrinology and Fetal-Placental neuroendocrine development refers to a subspecialty that focuses on the biological causes and its interventional treatment of infertility and its development. 

Uro-gynecology is an extensive topic and is professional in gynecology and the number of Research institutes working on the Uro-gynecology are approximately 30 or more and some universities also give training to women on Uro-gynecology, total number of universities which focus on this area are approximately 70 and also obtain a funding of around $10000- $30000 and includes 10% industry, 30% of academia and Others 60% .It is a surgical sub-specialty of urology and gynecology. Uro-gynecology is also a subspecialty of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. Uro-gynecology involves diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence and female pelvic floor disorders. Robotic-assisted surgery has evolved vastly over the past two decades with persistently improving technology, proving to assist surgeons in multiple subspecialty disciplines as discussed in many gynecologic conferences and gynecologic meetings worldwide.

Ladies with early cervical malignancies and pre-diseases often have no manifestations. Manifestations regularly don't start until a pre-tumor turns into a genuine intrusive disease and develops into adjacent tissue. At the point when this happens, the most widely recognized manifestations are: Abnormal vaginal dying, for example, seeping after sex (vaginal intercourse), seeping after menopause, draining and spotting amongst periods, and having longer or heavier (menstrual) periods than common. Seeping in the wake of douching, or after a pelvic exam is a typical side effect of cervical tumor however not pre-disease. A strange release from the vagina − the release may contain some blood and may happen between your periods or after menopause; Pain amid sex (vaginal intercourse).

Gynecology Oncology is the   learn about any disease that starts in a lady's regenerative organs. The five Gynecologic tumors begin in the lady's pelvis at better places. Every tumor is one of a kind by its indications, signs, hazard components and in their systems of aversion. All these five unique sorts of Gynecology Cancers chance increments with the age. At the point when these malignancies were analyzed at their initial stages, the treatment will be more efficient. The five noteworthy sorts of tumor influence a lady's regenerative organs are ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal growth. All these as a gathering are known as Gynecologic growths.

Gynecologic Cancer symptoms are mentioned as below:

Women with early cervical cancers and pre-cancers usually have no symptoms. Symptoms often do not begin until a pre-cancer becomes a true invasive cancer and grows into nearby tissue. When this happens, the most common symptoms are: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after sex (vaginal intercourse), bleeding after menopause, bleeding and spotting between periods, and having longer or heavier (menstrual) periods than usual. Bleeding after douching, or after a pelvic exam is a common symptom of cervical cancer but not pre-cancer. An unusual discharge from the vagina − the discharge may contain some blood and may occur between your periods or after menopause; Pain during sex (vaginal intercourse).

Ovarian cancer may cause several signs and symptoms. The most common symptoms include

Bloating

Pelvic or abdominal pain

Trouble eating or feeling full quickly

Urinary symptoms such as urgency or frequency

These symptoms are also commonly caused by benign (non-cancerous) diseases and by cancers of other organs. If a woman has these symptoms more than 12 times a month, she should see her doctor, preferably a gynecologist.

Others symptoms of ovarian cancer can include:

Fatigue, Upset stomach, Back pain, Pain during sex, Constipation, Menstrual changes, Abdominal swelling with weight loss

Endometrial cancer Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, such as a change in their periods or bleeding between periods or after menopause. This symptom can also occur with some non-cancerous conditions, but it is important to have a test. If you have gone through menopause already, it’s especially important to report any vaginal bleeding, spotting, or abnormal discharge to your doctor.

Pain in the pelvis, feeling a mass, and losing weight without trying can also be symptoms of endometrial cancer.

Vaginal cancer Signs and Symptoms

The may include:

·         Abnormal vaginal bleeding (often after intercourse)

·         Abnormal vaginal discharge

·         A mass that can be felt

·         Pain during intercourse

Having these symptoms does not always mean that you have cancer. In fact, these symptoms are more likely to be caused by something besides cancer, like an infection. The only way to know for sure what’s causing these problems is to see a health care professional.

Vulva cancer Signs and Symptoms

·         Women with vulvar cancer may experience the following symptoms or signs. Sometimes, women with vulvar cancer do not show any of these symptoms.

·         A lump or growth in or on the vulvar area

·         A patch of skin that is differently textured or colored than the rest of the vulvar area

·         Persistent itching, pain, soreness, or burning in the vulvar area

·         Painful urination

·         Bleeding or discharge that is not menstrual blood

·         An ulcer that persists for more than one month

Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms

The first symptoms of breast cancer are usually an area of thickened tissue in the woman's breast, or a lump. The majority of lumps are not cancerous; however, women should get them checked by a health care professional.

The symptoms include

·         A lump in a breast

·         A pain in the armpits or breast that does not seem to be related to the woman's menstrual period

·         Pitting or redness of the skin of the breast; like the skin of an orange

·         A rash around (or on) one of the nipples

·         A swelling (lump) in one of the armpits

·         An area of thickened tissue in a breast

·         One of the nipples has a discharge; sometimes it may contain blood

·         The nipple changes in appearance; it may become sunken or inverted

·         The size or the shape of the breast changes

·         The nipple-skin or breast-skin may have started to peel, scale or flake.

Surgery is the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue during an operation. A surgical oncologist is a doctor who specializes in treating cancer using surgery. A hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and cervix. 

Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. A doctor who specializes in giving radiation therapy to treat cancer is called a Radiation Oncologist. Radiation therapy may be given alone, before surgery, or instead of surgery to shrink the tumor. Many women may be treated with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

 Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, usually by stopping the cancer cells ability to grow and divide. Chemotherapy is given by a medical oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating cancer with medication. Systemic chemotherapy is delivered through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Common ways to give chemotherapy include an intravenous (IV) tube placed into a vein using a needle or in a pill or capsule that is swallowed (orally).

Another avenue of immunotherapy for Gynecologic and cervical cancers is adoptive T cell transfer. In this approach, T cells are removed from a patient, genetically modified or treated with chemicals to enhance their activity, and then re-introduced into the patient with the goal of improving the T cell immune system’s anti-cancer response.

Cancer research defines basic research in cancer which is used in identifying the causes of cancer and developing novel strategies and new therapeutics for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure of cancer. Nowadays clinical cancer research has shifted towards therapies like cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Behavioral Health is an extensive branch of interdisciplinary health which focuses widely on the reciprocal relationship between the characteristic view of human behaviour and well-being of the body entity. Behavioral Health is stated as the issues that can have a different outcome by changing behaviour. For example, giving up smoking can lessen the illnesses or Health Problems associated with cigarette smoking as discussed in many gynecologic conferences and gynecologic meetings worldwide. Many health conditions are caused by risk behaviours, such as, smoking, reckless driving, problem drinking, substance use, overreacting, or unprotected sexual intercourse. Fortunately, human beings have control over their conduct. Health-compromising behaviours can be eradicated by self-regulatory efforts and health enhancing behaviours that can be adopted such as preventive nutrition, physical exercise, weight control, dental hygiene, condom use or accident prevention.

Women’s sexual and regenerative wellbeing is identified with various human rights, including the privilege to life, the privilege to be free from torment, the privilege to wellbeing, the privilege to protection, the privilege to training, and the disallowance of segregation. Sexual and regenerative wellbeing and rights or SRHR is the idea of human rights connected to sexuality and generation. It is a mix of four fields that in a few settings are pretty much particular from each other, however less so or not in the slightest degree in different settings. These four fields are sexual wellbeing, sexual rights, regenerative wellbeing and conceptive rights. In the idea of SRHR, these four fields are dealt with as isolated however characteristically entwined.